What is a "primary search" in firefighting?

A "primary search" in firefighting refers to a swift and initial search of a structure to locate and rescue any potential victims who may be trapped inside. This search is conducted as quickly as possible, often under challenging conditions, with the primary goal of ensuring that all occupants are accounted for. Firefighters perform this search as soon as it is safe to enter the building, prioritizing human life over property and often using techniques that allow them to cover as much area as possible in a limited timeframe.

The focus during a primary search is on immediate rescue efforts, rather than detailed assessments of the structure or evaluation of damage, which are aspects addressed in subsequent searches. The urgency is driven by the fact that smoke and fire can complicate and quickly change conditions within the building. As such, this component of firefighting is critical for saving lives and is commonly one of the first duties undertaken upon arrival at a fire scene.